iSACA Cybersecurity Fundamentals Certification Practice Exam

Why is kernel mode considered risky?

1. It protects all user applications

2. It allows unrestricted access to system memory

3. It limits access to system hardware

4. It restricts the execution of system updates

The correct answer is: It allows unrestricted access to system memory

Kernel mode is considered risky primarily because it allows unrestricted access to system memory. In a computing environment, the operating system typically operates in two modes: user mode and kernel mode. When software runs in kernel mode, it has full access to the hardware and all memory resources. This level of access enables the execution of low-level tasks that directly interact with the operating system and hardware, which can lead to significant vulnerabilities if the code running in kernel mode is malicious or faulty. If a malicious actor gains control of a process that operates in kernel mode, they can manipulate critical system functions, access sensitive data, and enforce changes that can compromise the entire system's integrity. This is an elevated level of privilege that doesn't exist in user mode, where there are safeguards to prevent applications from directly influencing the operating system's core functions or accessing other application resources without permission. The other options touch on elements that do not accurately define the inherent risks associated with kernel mode. While it may seem protective towards user applications, it does not inhibit risks associated with its elevated privileges. Similarly, limiting access to hardware and restricting system updates are not characteristics of kernel mode; these activities are typically associated with user mode operations and administrative controls, rather than reflective of the inherent dangers of kernel mode itself.